Tuesday, March 31, 2009
Impacts of Mumbai Bombings ( 26th November 2008)
Social Impacts
The attacks caused widespread anger among the Indian public and condemnations throughout the world. The attacks have affected India's already strained relationship with Pakistan. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs also summoned Pakistan High Commissioner Shahid Malik on 1 December 2008 to lodge a protest over Pakistan's failure to stop terrorism from raising from their country.
The citizen’s level of patience seemed to have been taken for granted. It is rather normal for the anguished people of the city to feel outrageous and unhappy about their government due to inability to protect them. Thus this led to many citizens wanting to overthrow their political system.
Political Impacts
Political impacts from the Mumbai bombing includes resignations from political leaders such as Minister for Home Affairs, Shivraj Patil, Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh, and Deputy Chief Minister of Maharastra R. R. Patil as they are believed to be in cahoots with the terrorist group. There are also some political changes as they now have to improved on their security plans after this attack as the citizens want to overthrow their political system for its incompetence in safeguarding the lives of innocent people as thus, the political impact is quite large with the citizens now wanting the government to have a fool proof plan to ensure their safety.
Economic Impacts:
The cost of damages done in the Mumbai bombing is estimated to be more than US$ 600 million. As consequence of these attacks, Insurers will be suffering a great loss as they could not afford all the insurance fees. This will result in the economic downturn in the stock market in Mumbai. The Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange had closed down due to the terrorist attacks. Many international airlines temporarily closed down too. Many businesses had to move out of Mumbai due to the loss of customers. However some analysts feel that the economic impact will not last for long. "Such terrorist attacks do not have a lasting impact on the market - I don't think it will have a lasting impact on India," said Joseph Tan, chief Asian economist at Credit Suisse in Singapore.
Psychological impacts:
An attack creates a ripple of fear and mistrust radiates out from the event, leading to rash decisions and new unfounded prejudice. A chain of citizens' movements was triggered across India due to the attack such as the India Today Group's "War Against Terror" campaign. However, the psycological impact for Mumbai and India is not large as people are psycologically prepared for this tradegy as there are also a lot of terrorism attack on Mumbai for the past years, making Mumbai‘s prospects bounced back rapidly better. For example, railway staff continue to work after the attacks as though nothing had happened instead of showing signs of the vast tragedy strewn all over in the station.
Websites visited:
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/mumbai-before-and-after-november26-2008.html
www.yahoo.com
www.wikipedia.org
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news30921.html
http://www.merinews.com/catFull.jsp?articleID=151245
http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/20081128/indian-shares-resume-trading-today-economic-impact-mumbai-terrorist-attack-uncertain_all.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2008_Mumbai_attacks
http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01429/consequences/deathsanddisruptions.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks
http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2008/1129_mumbai_panagariya.aspx
The attacks caused widespread anger among the Indian public and condemnations throughout the world. The attacks have affected India's already strained relationship with Pakistan. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs also summoned Pakistan High Commissioner Shahid Malik on 1 December 2008 to lodge a protest over Pakistan's failure to stop terrorism from raising from their country.
The citizen’s level of patience seemed to have been taken for granted. It is rather normal for the anguished people of the city to feel outrageous and unhappy about their government due to inability to protect them. Thus this led to many citizens wanting to overthrow their political system.
Political Impacts
Political impacts from the Mumbai bombing includes resignations from political leaders such as Minister for Home Affairs, Shivraj Patil, Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh, and Deputy Chief Minister of Maharastra R. R. Patil as they are believed to be in cahoots with the terrorist group. There are also some political changes as they now have to improved on their security plans after this attack as the citizens want to overthrow their political system for its incompetence in safeguarding the lives of innocent people as thus, the political impact is quite large with the citizens now wanting the government to have a fool proof plan to ensure their safety.
Economic Impacts:
The cost of damages done in the Mumbai bombing is estimated to be more than US$ 600 million. As consequence of these attacks, Insurers will be suffering a great loss as they could not afford all the insurance fees. This will result in the economic downturn in the stock market in Mumbai. The Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange had closed down due to the terrorist attacks. Many international airlines temporarily closed down too. Many businesses had to move out of Mumbai due to the loss of customers. However some analysts feel that the economic impact will not last for long. "Such terrorist attacks do not have a lasting impact on the market - I don't think it will have a lasting impact on India," said Joseph Tan, chief Asian economist at Credit Suisse in Singapore.
Psychological impacts:
An attack creates a ripple of fear and mistrust radiates out from the event, leading to rash decisions and new unfounded prejudice. A chain of citizens' movements was triggered across India due to the attack such as the India Today Group's "War Against Terror" campaign. However, the psycological impact for Mumbai and India is not large as people are psycologically prepared for this tradegy as there are also a lot of terrorism attack on Mumbai for the past years, making Mumbai‘s prospects bounced back rapidly better. For example, railway staff continue to work after the attacks as though nothing had happened instead of showing signs of the vast tragedy strewn all over in the station.
Websites visited:
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/mumbai-before-and-after-november26-2008.html
www.yahoo.com
www.wikipedia.org
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news30921.html
http://www.merinews.com/catFull.jsp?articleID=151245
http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/20081128/indian-shares-resume-trading-today-economic-impact-mumbai-terrorist-attack-uncertain_all.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2008_Mumbai_attacks
http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01429/consequences/deathsanddisruptions.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks
http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2008/1129_mumbai_panagariya.aspx
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
Abu Sayyaf
Abu Sayyaf is a terrorism group based in southern Philippines which seeks a separate Islamic state for the country where the Muslims are the minority. Abu Sayyaf is a terrorism group that also has ties with other terrorism groups such as Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network, as well as the Indonesian network of Jemaah Islamiyah.
Abu Sayyaf which also means “bearer of the sword” in Arabic is organised by Abdurajak Janjalani, a Philippine Muslim that who fought in the international Islamist brigade in Afghanistan during the Soviet occupation. The next leader was Khadaffy Janjalani, who took over the leadership position when his older brother Abdurajak was killed. Janjalani, who took over the leadership position when his older brother Abdurajak was killed in a gun fight with Philippine police in December 1998.
Abu Sayyaf has engaged in bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and extortion from the time when it was formed. In February 2004, the group planted a bomb in a passenger ferry expolded at the coast of Manil and more than a hundred lives were lost. In August 2002, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped six Filipino Jehovah's Witnesses and beheaded two of them. In May 2001, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped twenty people, including three Americans, at a Philippine resort and demanded ransom paymen Abu Sayyaf beheaded one of the American hostages and held the other two Americans, a Christian missionary couple,on Basilan Island in the southern Philippines where they were killed later from gun-shoots.
Abu Sayyaf which also means “bearer of the sword” in Arabic is organised by Abdurajak Janjalani, a Philippine Muslim that who fought in the international Islamist brigade in Afghanistan during the Soviet occupation. The next leader was Khadaffy Janjalani, who took over the leadership position when his older brother Abdurajak was killed. Janjalani, who took over the leadership position when his older brother Abdurajak was killed in a gun fight with Philippine police in December 1998.
Abu Sayyaf has engaged in bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and extortion from the time when it was formed. In February 2004, the group planted a bomb in a passenger ferry expolded at the coast of Manil and more than a hundred lives were lost. In August 2002, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped six Filipino Jehovah's Witnesses and beheaded two of them. In May 2001, Abu Sayyaf kidnapped twenty people, including three Americans, at a Philippine resort and demanded ransom paymen Abu Sayyaf beheaded one of the American hostages and held the other two Americans, a Christian missionary couple,on Basilan Island in the southern Philippines where they were killed later from gun-shoots.
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